It includes members from the Bundestag and representatives of the States of Germany. The Federal Convention elects the President of Germany.
Since 2008, the Congress may also be convened to hear an address from the President of the Republic. The Congress of France is an assembly of both houses of the French Parliament, convened at the Palace of Versailles, which can approve certain amendments to the constitution by a three-fifths majority of all members. Various government agencies and non-governmental organizations may also meet jointly to handle problems which each of the involved parties has a stake in. There is no procedure in Canada for both chambers of the Parliament to sit in a true joint session. The Canadian government procedure is called a joint address, with the members of the House of Commons attending the Senate as guests. The Chamber of Representatives and the Senate convene as United Chambers ( Dutch: Verenigde Kamers French: Chambres réunies German: Vereinigten Kammern) to swear the King into office, as stipulated by article 91 of the Constitution. A party or grouping has to get at least 57% of the vote in any State to obtain a four-two majority of seats in that state, whereas from 51% to 56% of the vote yields only an equality of three seats to each major party or group.įurther information: Belgian Federal Parliament Six senators are elected from each state and two from each territory. The voting system now used for the Senate, quota-preferential proportional representation, almost inevitably leads to very evenly divided results. That would have given the party or grouping enjoying such a large Senate majority an advantage in any joint sitting, had there been one. However, the voting system used for the Senate before 1949, which might be called "multiple at-large voting", often led to landslide if not wipe-out results in each state, resulting in a winning margin over the whole of Australia of up to 36–0. The only example of this occurring was the Joint Sitting of the Australian Parliament of 1974 under the Whitlam Labor government, at which six deadlocked bills were passed.īecause the House has twice as many members as the Senate, the former has an advantage in a joint sitting. If, following the election, the new parliament is still unable to pass the bill, it may be considered by a joint sitting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, and must achieve an absolute majority of the total number of members and senators in order to pass. For a deadlock to be declared, a bill has to be rejected twice by the Senate at an interval of at least three months, after which a double dissolution election can be held. In the Australian federal parliament, a joint sitting can be held, under certain conditions, to overcome a deadlock between the two houses.
In India, disputes between houses are resolved by a joint sitting but without an intervening election. For example, in Switzerland a joint session of the two houses elects the members of the Federal Council (cabinet). Some constitutions give special power to a joint session, voting by majority of all members of the legislature regardless of which house or chamber they belong to. A joint session typically occurs to receive foreign or domestic diplomats or leaders, or to allow both houses to consider bills together. Most often it refers to when both houses of a bicameral legislature sit together. JSTOR ( July 2012) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Ī joint session or joint convention is, most broadly, when two normally separate decision-making groups meet, often in a special session or other extraordinary meeting, for a specific purpose.Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification.
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